Tuning the energy transfer in Ruddlesden-Popper perovskites phases through isopropylammonium addition - towards efficient blue emitters.

Here we demonstrate blue LEDs with a peak wavelength of 481 nm, with outstanding colour purity of up to 88% (CIE coordinates (0.1092, 0.1738)), an external quantum yield of 5.2% and a luminance of 8260 cd m-2. These devices are based on quasi-2D PEA2(Cs0.75MA0.25)Pb2Br7, which is cast from solutions containing isopropylammonium (iPAm). iPAm as additive assist in supressing the formation of bulk-like phases, as pointed out by both photophysical and structural characterization. Additionally, the study of the excitation dynamics demonstrates a hindering of the energy transfer to domains of lower energy that generally undermines the performance and emission characteristics of blue-emitting LEDs based on quasi-2D perovskites. The achieved narrow distribution of quantum well sizes and the hindered energy transfer result in a thin film photoluminescence quantum yield exceeding 60%. Our work demonstrates the great potential to tailor the composition and the structure of thin films based on Ruddlesden-Popper phases to boost performance of optoelectronic devices - specifically blue perovskite LEDs.

Efectividad del Heberferon en pacientes con queratosis actínica asociada a carcinoma basocelular

Las queratosis actínicas son neoformaciones dermatológicas planas oexofísticas, presentes mayormente en zonas fotoexpuestas, de evolución crónica y generalmente asintomáticas, siendo la expresión más temprana del carcinoma espinocelular, producidas por la exposición solar crónica en personas fundamentalmente de piel clara. Se realizó un estudio longitudinal prospectivo de intervención terapéutica. El universo estuvo constituido por 130 pacientes y la muestra por 116 pacientes diagnosticados con queratosis actínica que concomitaron con carcinoma basocelular que asistieron a la consulta de oncodermatología del Hospital Provincial Docente "Carlos Manuel de Céspedes" de Bayamo, en el período comprendido de enero 2019 a diciembre 2020; con el objetivo de evaluar la efectividad del tratamiento con HeberFERON® en la queratosis actínica asociada a carcinoma basocelular. Para valorar la asociación entre las variables se empleó el test de Chi Cuadrado de Mantel. Fue frecuente en el estudio el sexo masculino, las edades comprendidas entre 61 y 80 años, el fototipo cutáneo II de la clasificación de Fitzpatrick, que presentaron más de 20 lesiones de queratosis actínica, de localización frecuente en los antebrazos. El HeberFERON fue efectivo y se logró respuesta favorable al tratamiento desde el punto de vista clínico y por dermatoscopia. Los efectos adversos frecuentes tras la administración del HeberFERON® fueron la fiebre, seguido de malestar general y el dolor en el sitio de la inyección.

Actinic keratoses are flat dermatological neoformations or oexofistic, present mostly in photoexposed areas, of chronic evolution and generally asymptomatic, being the earliest expression of squamous cell carcinoma, produced by chronic sun exposure in people mainly fair-skinned. A prospective longitudinal study of therapeutic intervention was conducted. The universe consisted of 130 patients and the sample consisted of 116 patients diagnosed with actinic con queratosis who concomitated with basal cell carcinoma who attended the oncodermatology consultation of the "Carlos Manuel de Céspedes" Provincial Teaching Hospital of Bayamo, in the period from January 2019 to December 2020; with the objective of evaluating the effectiveness of treatment with HeberFERON® in actinic keratosis associated with basal cell carcinoma. To assess the association between the variables, the Mantel Chi-Square test was used. The male sex, ages between 61 and 80 years, cutaneous phototype II of the Fitzpatrick classification, which presented more than 20 lesions of actinic keratosis, of frequent location in the forearms, were frequent in the study. HeberFERON was effective and a favorable response to treatment was achieved from the clinical point of view and by dermoscopy. Common side effects following administration of HeberFERON® were fever, followed by malaise and pain at the injection site.

As ceratoses actínicas são neoformações dermatológicas planas ou oexofísticas, presentes principalmente em áreas fotoexpostas, de evolução crônica e geralmente assintomáticas, sendo a expressão mais precoce do carcinoma espinocelular, produzido pela exposição solar crônica em pessoas principalmente de pele clara. Foi realizado um estudo longitudinal prospectivo de intervenção terapêutica. O universo foi composto por 130 pacientes e a amostra por 116 pacientes diagnosticados com conqueratose actínica que se concomitaram com carcinoma basocelular e que compareceram à consulta de oncodermatologia do Hospital Universitário Provincial "Carlos Manuel de Céspedes" de Bayamo, no período de janeiro de 2019 a dezembro de 2020; com o objetivo de avaliar a eficácia do tratamento com HeberFERON® na queratose actínica associada ao carcinoma basocelular. Para avaliar a associação entre as variáveis, foi utilizado o teste Qui-Quadrado de Mantel. O sexo masculino, com idades entre 61 e 80 anos, o fototipo cutâneo II da classificação de Fitzpatrick, que apresentou mais de 20 lesões de queratose actínica, de localização frequente nos antebraços, foram frequentes no estudo. O HeberFERON foi eficaz e uma resposta favorável ao tratamento foi alcançada do ponto de vista clínico e por dermatoscopia. Os efeitos secundários frequentes após a administração de HeberFERON® foram febre, seguida de mal-estar e dor no local da injeção.

Linfoma cutáneo primario de células B. Presentación de un caso / Primary skin lymphoma of cells B. Presentation of a case / Linfoma de células da pele primária B. Apresentação de um caso

RESUMEN Introducción: el Linfoma cutáneo primario del centro folicular es indolente; la supervivencia es de 95% a cinco años; es el más común de los LCCB (35%). Tiene predilección por varones adultos mayores. Se manifiesta con pápulas, placas y tumores solitarios o agrupados principalmente en la piel cabelluda, la frente y el tronco. El objetivo de este trabajo es la presentación del caso por lo inusual de aparición en esta localización y ser el 1ero en nuestro servicio y provincia. Caso clínico: paciente JVL de 58 años de edad, que se interconsulta con los médicos del servicio de Dermatología por presentar lesiones en cuero cabelludo de 3 meses de evolución. Examen físico: Presenta lesiones localizadas en el cuero cabelludo, tumorales en número de 4 redondeadas eritemato violáceas de centro ulcerado con secreción serohemáticas y telangiectasias en su superficie las cuales eran dolorosas. Adenopatías múltiples, pequeñas, movibles en región cervical bilaterales. Se le realizó estudio histopatológico de los tumores para confirmar el diagnóstico clínico planteado. Discusión: los linfomas son tumores malignos del sistema linforreticular, representan un 25% del total de los LCP. Esta neoplasia aparece fundamentalmente entre los 40 y 60 años y es 2,2 veces más frecuente en el sexo masculino que en el femenino, en nuestro caso la paciente tenía 58 años de edad. Si bien es cierto que esta patología es infrecuente, en nuestro caso aparece en mujer con lesiones en cuero cabelludo en una de las localizaciones menos reportada, pero con las lesiones clásicas de los linfomas cutáneos primarios de células B, la tendencia a las ulceraciones se pueden encontrar en la forma centro folicular y en los linfomas difuso de células B como en nuestro caso. Conclusiones: realizamos esta presentación de linfoma cutáneo primario de células B enfermedad infrecuente que se ve mayormente en sexo masculino sin embargo en su variedad difuso se observa más frecuente en mujer en cuero cabelludo de forma ulcerada como apareció en nuestro caso y por ser el primero diagnosticado nuestra provincia.

ABSTRACT Introduction: the primary cutaneous lymphoma of the follicular center is indolent; 95% survival over five years; is the most common LCCB (35%). They have a predilection for larger adult males. It manifests with papules, plaques and solitary tumors or grouped mainly in the skinned hair, in front of the trunk. The purpose of this work is the presentation of the case due to the unusual appearance in this location and to be the first in our service and province. Clinical case: JVL patient of 58 years of age, who is consulted with doctors at the Dermatology service for presenting injuries in the hair of 3 months of evolution. Physical examination: There are lesions located in the hair, tumors in the number of 4 rounded violet erythema of the ulcerated center with serohemic secretion and telangiectasias on their surface that are painful. Multiple, small adenopathies, movable in bilateral cervical region. The histopathological study of the tumors was carried out to confirm the planted clinical diagnosis. Discussion: lymphomas are malignant tumors of the lymphorecticular system, representing 25% of the total PCL. This neoplasm appears fundamentally between 40 and 60 years and 2.2 times more often in men than in women, in case the patient had 58 years of age. If I believe that this pathology is unheard of, in one case it appears in many with lesions in the hair in one of the least reported locations, but with the classic lesions of primary cutaneous B-cell lymphomas, the tendency to ulcers is reduced. find in the form of follicular center and diffuse B-cell lymphomas as in this case. Conclusions: we present this presentation of primary cutaneous B-cell lymphoma that is infrequently ill, seen mostly in men, but in a diffuse variety, it is observed more frequently in the hair in an ulcerated form as it appears in our case and because it is the first diagnosed in our province.

RESUMO Introdução: o linfoma cutâneo primário do centro folicular é indolente; a sobrevivência é de 95% em 5 anos; é o mais comum dos LCCBs (35%). Ele tem predileção por homens adultos mais velhos. Manifesta-se na forma de pápulas, placas e tumores, solitários ou agrupados, principalmente no couro cabeludo, testa e tronco. O objetivo deste trabalho é apresentar o caso devido à sua peculiaridade neste local e ser o primeiro em nosso serviço e província. Caso clínico: paciente JVL, 58 anos, que é consultado pelos médicos do serviço de Dermatologia por apresentar lesões no couro cabeludo com 3 meses de evolução. Exame físico: Apresenta lesões localizadas no couro cabeludo, tumores em número de 4 eritematosos violáceos arredondados com centro ulcerado com secreções cerimônicas e telangiectasias dolorosas na superfície. Linfadenopatia múltipla, pequena e móvel na região cervical, bilateral. O estudo histopatológico dos tumores foi realizado para confirmação do diagnóstico clínico. Discussão: linfomas são tumores malignos do sistema reticular linfático, correspondendo a 25% de todos os LCP. Essa neoplasia surge principalmente entre 40 e 60 anos e é 2,2 vezes mais frequente em homens do que em mulheres, em nosso caso o paciente tinha 58 anos. Embora seja verdade que essa patologia não seja frequente, em nosso caso ela aparece em mulheres com lesões no couro cabeludo em uma das localizações menos relatadas, mas com as lesões clássicas dos linfomas cutâneos primários de células B, a tendência à ulceração é pode ser encontrado no centro folicular e nos linfomas difusos de células B, como em nosso caso. Conclusões: apresentamos esta apresentação do linfoma cutâneo primário de células B, uma doença rara observada principalmente no sexo masculino, mas em sua variedade difusa é observada mais frequentemente em mulheres no couro cabeludo de forma ulcerada como apareceu em nosso caso e por seja o primeiro diagnóstico em nossa província.

Linfoma cutáneo primario de células B. Presentación de un caso / Primary skin lymphoma of cells B. Presentation of a case

Introducción: el Linfoma cutáneo primario del centro folicular es indolente; la supervivencia es de 95 por ciento a cinco años; es el más común de los LCCB (35 por ciento). Tiene predilección por varones adultos mayores. Se manifiesta con pápulas, placas y tumores solitarios o agrupados principalmente en la piel cabelluda, la frente y el tronco. El objetivo de este trabajo es la presentación del caso por lo inusual de aparición en esta localización y ser el 1ero en nuestro servicio y provincia. Caso clínico: paciente JVL de 58 años de edad, que se interconsulta con los médicos del servicio de Dermatología por presentar lesiones en cuero cabelludo de 3 meses de evolución. Examen físico: Presenta lesiones localizadas en el cuero cabelludo, tumorales en número de 4 redondeadas eritemato violáceas de centro ulcerado con secreción serohemáticas y telangiectasias en su superficie las cuales eran dolorosas. Adenopatías múltiples, pequeñas, movibles en región cervical bilaterales. Se le realizó estudio histopatológico de los tumores para confirmar el diagnóstico clínico planteado.Discusión: los linfomas son tumores malignos del sistema linforreticular, representan un 25 por ciento del total de los LCP. Esta neoplasia aparece fundamentalmente entre los 40 y 60 años y es 2,2 veces más frecuente en el sexo masculino que en el femenino, en nuestro caso la paciente tenía 58 años de edad. Si bien es cierto que esta patología es infrecuente, en nuestro caso aparece en mujer con lesiones en cuero cabelludo en una de las localizaciones menos reportada, pero con las lesiones clásicas de los linfomas cutáneos primarios de células B, la tendencia a las ulceraciones se pueden encontrar en la forma centro folicular y en los linfomas difuso de células B como en nuestro caso. Conclusiones: realizamos esta presentación de linfoma cutáneo primario de células B enfermedad infrecuente que se ve mayormente en el sexo masculino sin embargo en su variedad difuso se observa más frecuente(AU)

Introduction: the primary cutaneous lymphoma of the follicular center is indolent; 95 percent survival over five years; is the most common LCCB (35 percent). They have a predilection for larger adult males. It manifests with papules, plaques and solitary tumors or grouped mainly in the skinned hair, in frontof the trunk. The purpose of this work is the presentation of the case due to the unusual appearance in this location and to be the first in our service and province. Clinical case: JVL patient of 58 years of age, who is consulted with doctors at the Dermatology service for presenting injuries in the hair of 3 months of evolution. Physical examination: There are lesions located in the hair, tumors in the number of 4 rounded violet erythema of the ulcerated center with serohemic secretion and telangiectasias on their surface that are painful. Multiple, small adenopathies, movable in bilateral cervical region. The histopathological study of the tumors was carried out to confirm the planted clinical diagnosis. Discussion: lymphomas are malignant tumors of the lymphorecticular system, representing 25 of the total PCL. This neoplasm appears fundamentally between 40 and 60 years and 2.2 times more often in men than in women, in case the patient had 58 years of age. If I believe that this pathology is unheard of, in one case it appears in many with lesions in the hair in one of the least reported locations, but with the classic lesions of primary cutaneous B-cell lymphomas, the tendency to ulcers is reduced. find in the form of follicular center and diffuse B-cell lymphomas as in this case. Conclusions: we present this presentation of primary cutaneous B-cell lymphoma that is infrequently ill, seen mostly in men, but in a diffuse variety, it is observed more frequently in the hair in an ulcerated form as it appears in our case and because it is the first diagnosed in our province(EU)

Latin American consensus on uncomplicated recurrent urinary tract infection-2018.

An estimated 20-30% of adult women who experience an initial urinary tract infection (UTI) will have recurrent infection. In these patients, prophylaxis may be considered to improve their quality of life and control overuse of antibiotics. Despite this need, there is currently no Latin American consensus on the treatment and prophylaxis of recurrent UTIs. This consensus, signed by a panel of regional and international experts on UTI management, aims to address this need and is the first step toward a Latin American consensus on a number of urogynecological conditions. The panel agrees that antibiotics should be considered the primary treatment option for symptomatic UTI, taking into account local pathogen resistance patterns. Regarding prophylaxis, immunoactive therapy with the bacterial lysate OM-89 received a grade A recommendation and local estrogen in postmenopausal women grade B recommendation. Lower-grade recommendations include behavior modification and D-mannose; probiotics (Lactobacilli), cranberries, and hyaluronic acid (and derivatives) received limited recommendations; their use should be discussed with the patient. Though considered effective and receiving grade A recommendation, antimicrobial prophylaxis should be considered only following prophylaxis with effective non-antimicrobial measures that were not successful and chosen based on the frequency of sexual intercourse and local pathogen resistance patterns.

[Analysis of unintentional injuries in vulnerable populations, Mexico 2018.] / Análisis de las lesiones accidentales no fatales en población vulnerable, México 2018.

OBJECTIVE: To estimate the prevalence of unintentional injuries (UI) in people residing in localities with <100 000 inhabitants and to analyze its association with different environmental, household and individual characteristics. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Cross-sectional design that analyses the UI component of Ensanut 100k, which is a probabilistic national survey that focused on households beneficiaries of the program Prospera and those with fewer economic capabilities. Prevalence of UI was estimated considering the complex design of the survey. Association with variables of interest was explored using logistic regression analysis. RESULTS: Prevalence of UI was 5.15% (CI95%: 1.43-6.16); probability was higher in male, those living in the region CDMX-EdoMex, and those with hearing and motor disability. CONCLUSIONS: Policies directed to prevent UI need to be strengthened to promote health and quality of life amongst individuals, par- ticularly those with social and economic vulnerability, and to reduce the burden that these conditions impose to public health in Mexico.

OBJETIVO: Estimar la prevalencia de lesiones accidentales en población que reside en localidades con <100 000 habitantes y analizar su asociación con características individuales, ambien­tales y del hoga. MATERIAL Y MÉTODOS: Diseño transversal que analiza el componente de accidentes de la Ensanut 100k, encuesta probabilística, estratificada, por conglomerados que sobrerrepresenta hogares beneficiarios del programa Prospera y aquellos con menos recursos económicos. Su asociación con distintas variables independientes se estableció a partir de un modelo de regresión logística, considerando el muestreo complejo. RESULTADOS: La prevalencia de lesiones acciden­tales fue 5.15% (IC95%: 1.43-6.16) equivalente a cerca de 3.3 millones de personas. La probabilidad fue mayor en hombres, en la región CDMX-EdoMex y en personas con discapacidad auditiva/motora. CONCLUSIONES: Es necesario fortalecer la política de prevención de lesiones accidentales, especialmente la dirigida a grupos con alta vulnerabilidad social y económica, para cuidar su salud y calidad de vida, y reducir la carga que generan para la salud pública.

Análisis de las lesiones accidentales no fatales en población vulnerable, México 2018 / Analysis of unintentional injuries in vulnerable populations, Mexico 2018

Resumen: Objetivo: Estimar la prevalencia de lesiones accidentales en población que reside en localidades con <100 000 habitantes y analizar su asociación con características individuales, ambientales y del hogar. Material y métodos: Diseño transversal que analiza el componente de accidentes de la Ensanut 100k, encuesta probabilística, estratificada, por conglomerados que sobrerrepresenta hogares beneficiarios del programa Prospera y aquellos con menos recursos económicos. Su asociación con distintas variables independientes se estableció a partir de un modelo de regresión logística, considerando el muestreo complejo. Resultados: La prevalencia de lesiones accidentales fue 5.15% (IC95%: 1.43-6.16) equivalente a cerca de 3.3 millones de personas. La probabilidad fue mayor en hombres, en la región CDMX-EdoMex y en personas con discapacidad auditiva/motora. Conclusiones: Es necesario fortalecer la política de prevención de lesiones accidentales, especialmente la dirigida a grupos con alta vulnerabilidad social y económica, para cuidar su salud y calidad de vida, y reducir la carga que generan para la salud pública.

Abstract: Objective: To estimate the prevalence of unintentional injuries (UI) in people residing in localities with <100 000 inhabitants and to analyze its association with different environmental, household and individual characteristics. Materials and methods: Cross-sectional design that analyses the UI component of Ensanut 100k, which is a probabilistic national survey that focused on households beneficiaries of the program Prospera and those with fewer economic capabilities. Prevalence of UI was estimated considering the complex design of the survey. Association with variables of interest was explored using logistic regression analysis. Results: Prevalence of UI was 5.15% (CI95%: 1.43-6.16); probability was higher in male, those living in the region CDMX-EdoMex, and those with hearing and motor disability. Conclusions: Policies directed to prevent UI need to be strengthened to promote health and quality of life amongst individuals, particularly those with social and economic vulnerability, and to reduce the burden that these conditions impose to public health in Mexico.

Requirements and applications of accurate modeling of the optical transmission of transparent conducting coatings.

A comprehensive model for the optical transmission is constructed and used to investigate the requirements for fitting accurately the experimental data of the optical transmittance at normal incidence of transparent conducting coatings of ZnO:Al deposited on glass substrates by ultrasonic spray pyrolysis. The model takes into account the Urbach tail absorption edge at the low wavelength region, the contribution of free carrier concentration to the weak absorption in the visible and near-infrared ranges, and the effect of scattering of light originated by the surface roughness of the films. The carrier concentration of the ZnO:Al films was measured experimentally by the Hall effect and dc-electrical conductivity measurements in the Van der Paw configuration. It is shown that all mentioned physical effects must be included in order to fit accurately the transmittance spectrum in the VIS-NIR spectral window. The full expression for the optical transmittance was used for choosing the optimal thickness of these films as transparent conductive contacts and the calculation of the figure of merit.

An introduction to the epidemiology and burden of urinary tract infections.

Urinary tract infections (UTIs) are the most common outpatient infections, with a lifetime incidence of 50-60% in adult women. This is a narrative review aimed at acting as an introduction to the epidemiology and burden of UTIs. This review is based on relevant literature according to the experience and expertise of the authors. The prevalence of UTI increases with age, and in women aged over 65 is approximately double the rate seen in the female population overall. Etiology in this age group varies by health status with factors such as catheterization affecting the likelihood of infection and the pathogens most likely to be responsible. In younger women, increased sexual activity is a major risk factor for UTIs and recurrence within 6 months is common. In the female population overall, more serious infections such as pyelonephritis are less frequent but are associated with a significant burden of care due to the risk of hospitalization. Healthcare-associated UTIs (HAUTIs) are the most common form of healthcare-acquired infection. Large global surveys indicate that the nature of pathogens varies between the community and hospital setting. In addition, the pathogens responsible for HAUTIs vary according to region making adequate local data key to infection control. UTIs create a significant societal and personal burden, with a substantial number of medical visits in the United States every year being related to UTIs. European data indicate that recurrent infections are related to increased absenteeism and physician visits. In addition, quality of life measures are significantly impacted in women suffering from recurrent UTIs. Data suggest that nonantimicrobial prophylactic strategies offer an opportunity to reduce both the rate of UTIs and the personal burden experience by patients.

Disclosure of HIV Serostatus and Pre-exposure Prophylaxis Use on Internet Hookup Sites Among Men Who have Sex with Men.

Men who have sex with men (MSM) who use websites and smartphone applications to meet sexual partners ("hookup sites") may be at increased HIV risk. Many sites provide profile options to disclose HIV status and pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) use. Little is known about the acceptability of disclosure options which may guide sexual decision-making. We evaluated 104 MSM presenting to a publicly-funded STD clinic. Most (86%) had met a partner online in the last 12 months; 55 and 27% reported using the HIV and PrEP disclosure options, respectively. White MSM were less likely to disclose HIV status than MSM of color (46% vs 74%, p < 0.05). Fifty-three percent of men were more likely to contact a potential partner who disclosed being HIV-negative, and 48% were more likely to do so if the person disclosed being on PrEP. Future HIV prevention approaches should promote disclosure options among MSM meeting partners online.

Statewide Evaluation of New HIV Diagnoses in Rhode Island: Implications for Prevention.

OBJECTIVES: Patterns of HIV transmission vary widely across demographic groups. Identifying and engaging these groups are necessary to prevent new infections and diagnose disease among people who are unaware of their infection. The objective of this study was to determine characteristics of newly diagnosed individuals across an entire state to determine patterns of HIV transmission. METHODS: We evaluated data on people with new HIV diagnoses in Rhode Island from 2013 through 2015. We performed a latent class analysis (LCA) to identify underlying demographic and behavioral characteristics of people with newly diagnosed HIV. RESULTS: Of 167 people with new HIV diagnoses interviewed in Rhode Island from 2013 through 2015, 132 (79%) were male, 84 (50%) were nonwhite, 112 (67%) were men who have sex with men (MSM), 112 (67%) were born in the United States, and 61 (37%) were born in Rhode Island. LCA revealed 2 major classes. Of the 98 people in class 1, 96% were male, 85% were MSM, 80% were white, 94% were born in the United States, and 80% believed they acquired HIV in Rhode Island. Class 2 was 63% male and 69% Hispanic/Latino; 29% were born in the United States, and 61% believed they acquired HIV in Rhode Island. CONCLUSIONS: Most new HIV diagnoses in Rhode Island were among MSM born in the United States, and a substantial number were likely infected in-state. People with newly diagnosed HIV who were foreign-born, including Hispanic/Latino and heterosexual groups, were less likely to have acquired HIV in Rhode Island than were MSM. HIV prevention approaches, including pre-exposure prophylaxis, should be adapted to the needs of specific groups. Rhode Island offers lessons for other states focused on eliminating HIV transmission.

Partner notification outcomes after integration of an on-site disease intervention specialist at a sexually transmitted disease clinic.

BACKGROUND: Partner notification services (PNS) are highly effective in reducing transmission of sexually transmitted diseases (STDs). We assessed outcomes of PNS before and after integration of an on-site disease intervention specialist (DIS) at a publicly-funded STD clinic. METHODS: From August 2014 to December 2015, patients testing positive for infectious syphilis or gonorrhea at the Rhode Island STD Clinic were referred to on-site DIS for partner notification. Data on PNS outcomes were reviewed for eight months before integration of DIS at the clinic and compared to eight months after. RESULTS: Of the 145 index patients referred for PNS during the study period (n = 58 before DIS integration, n = 87 after), 86% were interviewed. DIS integration resulted in a significantly greater proportion of index patients interviewed overall (92% versus 76%, p<0.01), on the day of diagnosis (85% versus 61%; p<0.01), and in person at the STD clinic (64% versus 11%; p<0.01). However, there was no significant difference in number of sexual partners named or treated. CONCLUSIONS: Integrating DIS at a publicly-funded STD clinic resulted in a greater number of index cases interviewed, a greater number interviewed in person, and a greater number interviewed on the day of diagnosis. Challenges remain in identifying and engaging partners for treatment.

Toward sustainable environmental quality: Identifying priority research questions for Latin America.

The Global Horizon Scanning Project (GHSP) is an innovative initiative that aims to identify important global environmental quality research needs. Here we report 20 key research questions from Latin America (LA). Members of the Society of Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry (SETAC) LA and other scientists from LA were asked to submit research questions that would represent priority needs to address in the region. One hundred questions were received, then partitioned among categories, examined, and some rearranged during a workshop in Buenos Aires, Argentina. Twenty priority research questions were subsequently identified. These research questions included developing, improving, and harmonizing across LA countries methods for 1) identifying contaminants and degradation products in complex matrices (including biota); 2) advancing prediction of contaminant risks and effects in ecosystems, addressing lab-to-field extrapolation challenges, and understanding complexities of multiple stressors (including chemicals and climate change); and 3) improving management and regulatory tools toward achieving sustainable development. Whereas environmental contaminants frequently identified in these key questions were pesticides, pharmaceuticals, endocrine disruptors or modulators, plastics, and nanomaterials, commonly identified environmental challenges were related to agriculture, urban effluents, solid wastes, pulp and paper mills, and natural extraction activities. Several interesting research topics included assessing and preventing pollution impacts on conservation protected areas, integrating environment and health assessments, and developing strategies for identification, substitution, and design of less hazardous chemicals (e.g., green chemistry). Finally, a recurrent research need included developing an understanding of differential sensitivity of regional species and ecosystems to environmental contaminants and other stressors. Addressing these critical questions will support development of long-term strategic research efforts to advance more sustainable environmental quality and protect public health and the environment in LA. Integr Environ Assess Manag 2018;14:344-357. © 2018 The Authors. Integrated Environmental Assessment and Management published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. on behalf of Society of Environmental Toxicology & Chemistry (SETAC).

Cationic Nanoliposomes Meet mRNA: Efficient Delivery of Modified mRNA Using Hemocompatible and Stable Vectors for Therapeutic Applications.

Synthetically modified mRNA is a unique bioactive agent, ideal for use in therapeutic applications, such as cancer vaccination or treatment of single-gene disorders. In order to facilitate mRNA transfections for future therapeutic applications, there is a need for the delivery system to achieve optimal transfection efficacy, perform with durable stability, and provide drug safety. The objective of our study was to comprehensively analyze the use of 3ß-[N-(N',N'-dimethylaminoethane) carbamoyl](DC-Cholesterol)/dioleoylphosphatidylethanolamine (DOPE) liposomes as a potential transfection agent for modified mRNAs. Our cationic liposomes facilitated a high degree of mRNA encapsulation and successful cell transfection efficiencies. More importantly, no negative effects on cell viability or immune reactions were detected posttransfection. Notably, the liposomes had a long-acting transfection effect on cells, resulting in a prolonged protein production of alpha-1-antitrypsin (AAT). In addition, the stability of these mRNA-loaded liposomes allowed storage for 80 days, without the loss of transfection efficacy. Finally, comprehensive analysis showed that these liposomes are fully hemocompatible with fresh human whole blood. In summary, we present an extensive analysis on the use of DC-cholesterol/DOPE liposomes as mRNA delivery vehicles. This approach provides the basis of a safe and efficient therapeutic strategy in the development of successful mRNA-based drugs.

Proliferative Properties of 17ß-aminoestrogens in MCF-7 Human Breast Cancer Cells.

The 17ß-aminoestrogens (AEs) prolame, butolame and pentolame are weakly oestrogenic in rodents and display anticoagulant properties in contrast to oestradiol (E2 ) which presents pro-coagulant effects, potentially thrombogenic. They possess anti-anxiety and antidepressive properties, being good candidates for menopausal hormone therapy (MHT). Their capability to induce proliferation of MCF-7 human breast cancer cells, in which proliferative rate depends on oestrogens, has not been explored; thus, the aim of this work was to characterize it. AEs' proliferation properties were evaluated compared with E2 in MCF-7 carcinoma cell line cultures using established methods. Receptor mediation on cell proliferation was studied by co-incubating them with the oestrogen receptor antagonists tamoxifen, ICI 182,780 and the selective antagonists MPP (ERα) and PHTPP (ERß). E2 and AEs increased MCF-7 cell proliferation; their proliferative effect was between 1.5-2 and E2 = 3.6 compared with controls (0); their relative proliferative effect was 18-38% (E2 = 100%) with a relative proliferative potency of 4.5-8.9 (E2 = 100). The ERα antagonist MPP inhibited the MCF-7 cell proliferation induced by E2 and AEs; on the contrary, the ERß antagonist PHTPP exacerbated the proliferative response, showing that the AEs' proliferative activity was mainly ERα-mediated and apparently controlled by ERß. Preliminary cytometric DNA flow analysis showed that AEs' cell cycle S phase inducer property was lower than E2 following the proliferative order: E2 > butolame > prolame > pentolame, indicating pentolame with the weakest proliferative properties and being the safest of this series as a candidate for MHT.

Lesiones de uretra posterior secundarias a fractura pélvica tratadas a través de abordaje perineal progresivo. Breve revisión de la literatura. / Pelvic fracture posterior urethral injury repaired by progressive perineal approach: A brief review of the literature

Objetivo: Revisar los resultados operatorios de nuestros pacientes con rotura traumática de uretra posterior, tratados a través del abordaje perineal progresivo y realizar una breve revisión de la literatura. Materiales y métodos: fueron analizadas las historias médicas de 7 pacientes en edades comprendidas entre 2 y 12 años, con lesiones uretrales asociadas con fracturas pélvicas, producidas entre marzo de 2005 y enero de 2017. Después del diagnóstico de la lesión, se realizó cistostomía derivativa en los 7 casos; en 2 de ellos con lesión rectal asociada se realizó, además, colostomía tipo Hartman en el momento de la derivación urinaria. La evaluación urológica preoperatoria para la uretroplastia definitiva incluyó uretrografía anterógrada y retrograda simultánea para determinar la separación entre los segmentos uretrales. Se decidió la reparación retardada de la uretra a través de abordaje perineal progresivo con un mínimo de 6 meses posterior al trauma. Resultados: El mecanismo de producción del trauma fue arrollamiento por vehículos a motor en 6 pacientes y aplastamiento por balancín petrolero en uno. La lesión uretral fue completa en todos. Tres presentaron complicaciones quirúrgicas; 2 estenosis uretrales que mejoraron con dilataciones y una fístula uretroperineal que cerró en forma espontánea sin consecuencias. Todos los pacientes se encuentran asintomáticos; ninguno ha requerido una nueva uretroplastia. Comentarios: Nuestros hallazgos con la implementación de este abordaje terapéutico coinciden con lo reportado en la literatura.

Objective: To evaluate the postoperative outcomes of our patients with posterior urethral traumatic rupture repaired by progressive perineal approach, and to conduct a brief review of the literature. Materials and methods: The clinical records of 7 patients aged between 2 to 12 years with urethral injuries due to pelvic fracture produced between March 2005 and January 2017, were reviewed. A suprapubic cystostomy for urinary drainage was constructed in the 7 patients immediately after diagnosis; two of them had concomitant rectum injuries thus a Hartmann's colostomy was also performed in them. The preliminary urologic appraisal for definite urethroplasty included a synchronous anterograde and retrograde cysto-urethrogram to determine separation of the urethral segments. The final selection of surgical procedure was delayed urethral repair by progressive perineal approach minimum 6 months after the trauma event. Results: The mechanism of injury was, blunt trauma after being struck by a moving vehicle in 6 patients and a crash injury caused by an oil rocker in one patient. The urethral disruption was complete in all patients. Three patients developed surgical complications: 2 urethral strictures which improved with dilatation and one urethral-perineal fistula with spontaneous closure and no associated complications. All patients remain asymptomatic; no patient has required a redo urethroplasty. Commentaries: Our findings through the implementation of this therapeutic approach are consistent with those reported in the literature. Conclusions: Progressive perineal access allows performing an anastomotic urethroplasty with good clinical outcomes in most patients.

Gestión del talento humano en salud pública. Un análisis en cinco ciudades colombianas, 2014 / Talent Management in Public Health; an Analysis of Five Colombian Cities, 2014 / Gestão do talento humano em saúde pública. Análise em cinco cidades colombianas, 2014

Objetivo: describir las condiciones laborales del personal de salud vinculado a programas de salud pública. Metodología: se realizó un estudio descriptivo de corte transversal a una muestra representativa de 672 personas vinculadas a instituciones de salud habilitadas por el Ministerio de Salud en el 2013, que proveían servicios y programas de salud pública. Resultados: los hallazgos sugieren que la mayor parte del personal vinculado a servicios y programas de salud pública tenía formación en medicina, enfermería y odontología, condiciones laborales problemáticas -dado que predomina la contratación de corto plazo- y la cobertura en capacitación en salud pública era baja. La mayor idoneidad en salud pública de los encuestados se asoció con haber aprobado el examen de conocimiento para ingresar a la institución y tener evaluación del desempeño. Conclusión: se evidenció limitación en la formación y en la capacitación y deficientes condiciones laborales del personal que laboraba en los programas de salud pública.

Objective: describing the work conditions of the health personnel associated with public health programs. Methodology: we carried out a descriptive cross-section study on a representative sample consisting of 672 people associated with health institutions approved by the Ministry of Health in 2013, which provide public health programs and services. Results: findings suggest most of the personnel associated with public health services and programs had medicine, nursing, and dentistry training; had problematic working conditions - as short-term contracts are prevailing - and the public health training coverage was low. The most common form of adequacy in public health of the people surveyed was associated with approving the knowledge test necessary to become associated with the institution and with the performance assessments. Conclusions: it is possible to see limitations on training and education, as well as deficient working conditions for people who work in public health programs.

Objetivo: descrever as condições laborais dos profissionais de saúde vinculados a programas de saúde pública. Metodologia: foi realizado um estudo descritivo de corte transversal em amostra representativa de 672 pessoas vinculadas a instituições de saúde habilitadas pelo Ministério de Saúde no 2013, provindo serviços e programas de saúde pública. Resultados: os achados sugerem que a maior parte do pessoal vinculado a serviços e programas de saúde pública tinha formação em medicina, enfermagem e odontologia, condições laborais problemáticas -dado que predomina a contratação de curto prazo- e a cobertura em capacitação em saúde pública é baixa. A maior idoneidade em saúde pública dos inquiridos foi associada com ter aprovado o teste de conhecimento para ingressar à instituição e ter avaliação de desempenho. Conclusão: evidenciou-se limitação na formação e treinamento e condições laborais deficientes do pessoal que laborava nos programas de saúde pública.

Road Traffic and Other Unintentional Injuries Among Travelers to Developing Countries.

Injuries result in nearly 6 million deaths and incur 52 million disability-adjusted life-years annually, making up 15% of the global disease burden. More than 90% of this burden occurs in low- and middle-income countries. Given this burden, it is not unexpected that injuries are the leading cause of death among travelers to low- and middle-income countries, namely, from road traffic crashes and drowning. Therefore, pretravel advice regarding foreseeable dangers and how to avoid them may significantly mitigate injury risk, such as wearing seatbelts, helmets, and personal flotation devices when appropriate; responsibly consuming alcohol; and closely supervising children.

[Therapeutic adherence to retraining programs for women and men involved in abusive relationships in Mexico]. / Adherencia terapéutica a programas de reeducación para mujeres y hombres en relaciones de pareja violentas.

OBJECTIVE: To analyze the therapeutic adherence among participants in the retraining program operated by the Ministry of Health of Mexico, in eight states in 2010. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This is a cross-sectional and descriptive study that assesses therapeutic adherence in a retraining intervention program for male perpetrators and female victims of intimate partner violence. The intervention was coordinated by a team of previously trained professionals. The selection of participants was made by means of a specific screening test. Overall performance for both groups was analyzed, and based on the attendance they were classified in low adhesion (1-12) medium to high (13 and>). To determine the possibility of adhesion, Student's t tests, a bivariate analysis, and a logistic regression model were performed for each program. RESULTS: 5 539 screenings were applied, of which 88.3% (n = 4 891) were positive. 85% agreed to participate (n = 4 151), but only 75% of potential participants attended at least one session (n = 3 022). 78.5% attended between 1-12 sessions. In the women's program, significant differences in marital status, religion and age groups (p<0.05) were found. In the program for men, significant differences in religion and age groups (p<0.05) were found. CONCLUSIONS: In the Mexican context there are few studies that assess adherence to programs of care and retraining for partner violence. This study is a first approach that opens the possibility to enhance the design and evaluation of such interventions, which are crucial to dismantle violence against women.

Adherencia terapéutica a programas de reeducación para mujeres y hombres en relaciones de pareja violentas / Therapeutic adherence to retraining programs for women and men involved in abusive relationships in Mexico

Objetivo. Analizar la adherencia terapéutica en participantes de un programa de reeducación operado por los servicios estatales de salud en ocho estados de México en 2010. Material y métodos. Estudio transversal y descriptivo que evaluó la adherencia terapéutica de un programa de reeducación para hombres agresores y mujeres víctimas de violencia de pareja. La intervención fue coordinada por un equipo de profesionales previamente capacitados. La selección de los participantes se realizó con el cumplimiento estricto de criterios de inclusión/exclusión evaluados por una prueba de tamizaje. Con base en la asistencia, se clasificó en adherencia baja (1 a 12), media-alta (13 y más). Se realizó una prueba de t student, un análisis bivariado y un modelo de regresión logística para identificar la posibilidad de adherencia en cada programa. Resultados. Se aplicaron 5 539 tamizajes, 88.3% (n=4 891) fueron positivos; 85%(n=4 151) aceptó participar, 75% de los potenciales participantes asistió al menos a una sesión (n=3 699), siendo ésta la muestra del presente estudio. En el programa para mujeres hubo diferencias significativas por estado civil, religión y grupos de edad (p<0.05). En el programa para hombres hubo diferencias significativas por religión y grupos de edad (p<0.05). Conclusiones. En México son inexistentes los estudios que evalúan la adherencia a los programas de atención a la violencia; este estudio es una primera aproximación que abre la posibilidad de profundizar en el diseño y evaluación de este tipo de intervenciones, cruciales para desarticular la violencia contra las mujeres.

Objective. To analyze the therapeutic adherence among participants in the retraining program operated by the Ministry of Health of Mexico, in eight states in 2010. Materials and methods. This is a cross-sectional and descriptive study that assesses therapeutic adherence in a retraining intervention program for male perpetrators and female victims of intimate partner violence. The intervention was coordinated by a team of previously trained professionals. The selection of participants was made by means of a specific screening test. Overall performance for both groups was analyzed, and based on the attendance they were classified in low adhesion (1-12) medium to high (13 and>). To determine the possibility of adhesion, Student's t tests, a bivariate analysis, and a logistic regression model were performed for each program. Results. 5 539 screenings were applied, of which 88.3% (n = 4 891) were positive. 85% agreed to participate (n = 4 151), but only 75% of potential participants attended at least one session (n = 3 022). 78.5% attended between 1-12 sessions. In the women's program, significant differences in marital status, religion and age groups (p<0.05) were found. In the program for men, significant differences in religion and age groups (p<0.05) were found. Conclusions. In the Mexican context there are few studies that assess adherence to programs of care and retraining for partner violence. This study is a first approach that opens the possibility to enhance the design and evaluation of such interventions, which are crucial to dismantle violence against women.